College ROI

Smarter Choices, Brighter Futures
Back to Colleges

Harvard University

Cambridge, MA 7,601 Undergrads 98.2% Grad Rate
School Website|Financial Calculator
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Total Cost
$89,279
Sticker Price
Avg Net Price
$19,148
After Aid
Median Earnings
$107,987
5yr Post-Grad

Vs. Peer Institutions

Net Price$19,148
Peer Midpoint: $19,969
Earnings (5yr Post-Grad)Completers only after graduation
$107,987
Peer Midpoint: $61,632
Earnings (10yr Post-Enroll)All enrolled after enrollment
$121,957
Peer Midpoint: $58,891
Graduation Rate98.2%
Peer Midpoint: 58.9%
Average starting age (2015-17)22.5
Socio-Economic Diversity
Pell Grant Recipients21.2%
Enrollment Status
Full-Time93.6%
Economic Outcomes
Earn More than HS86.7%

Admissions Profile

Acceptance
3.6%
SAT Avg
1,553
SAT Reading
25th: 74076075th: 780
SAT Math
25th: 77079075th: 800
ACT Composite
25th: 343575th: 36

ROI Sensitivity Analysis
Assuming 4 Years to Graduation

This analysis tests three cost scenarios (Scholarship, Average Net Price, Full Sticker Price) to show how college costs impact your long-term return compared to the average student and a high school graduate.

Lifetime Value Added (NPV)

Institution Lifetime NPV
Vs Median Peer
Vs HS Grad
Zero Cost (Scholarship)$0
+$892k
+$422k
+$405k
Median Cost$19k/yr
+$823k
+$353k
+$336k
Full Cost$89k/yr
+$570k
+$100k
+$84k

ROI Efficiency Metrics

Break-Even Age
Return on Inv. %
Zero Cost (Scholarship)$0
25
∞
Median Cost$19k/yr
28
488%
Full Cost$89k/yr
47
26%
Analysis Assumptions:
  • Starting Salary: Estimated from the median earnings five years after graduating, with four years of 2% raises taken out.
  • Comparisons: "Vs Median Peer" compares to the median student nationwide in a similar level program. "Vs HS Grad" compares to a median high school graduate.
  • Break-Even: The age at which the college investment net income exceeds the median high school graduate's lifetime earnings.
  • NPV: Net Present Value of all future earnings minus costs and taxes, discounted at 7.8%.

Social Impact ROINew

Measures the societal return on a donor's investment. Calculated as the incremental pre-tax lifetime earnings vs. HS grad, divided by the tax-adjusted donation cost.

Donor Return138%

Gov. Pell Grant ROINew

Measures the government's return on Pell Grants via increased tax revenue. Calculated as the portion of incremental lifetime taxes (discounted at 5.4%) attributed to the Pell Grant investment.

Taxpayer Return-25%

Program ROI Analysis

These figures are medians for past graduates who received federal aid. Your cost and pay will differ. Run your own numbers in the Guided ROI Interview →

Associate's Degrees

Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$74,154
Natl Median: $44,125
Lifetime Value Added
+$241k
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Bachelor's Degrees

Anthropology
BachCIP: 4502
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$26,353
Natl Median: $46,676
Lifetime Value Added
-$295k
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Applied Mathematics
BachCIP: 2703
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$170,689
Natl Median: $91,532
Lifetime Value Added
+$824k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Area Studies
BachCIP: 0501
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$41,937
Natl Median: $56,625
Lifetime Value Added
-$154k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $68,333
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $93,451
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$117,816
Natl Median: $66,697
Lifetime Value Added
+$427k
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Chemistry
BachCIP: 4005
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $65,120
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $49,429
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Computer Science
BachCIP: 1107
Median Debt
$13,000
Earnings (4yr)
$203,169
Natl Median: $107,009
Lifetime Value Added
+$1066k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$42,682
Natl Median: $48,842
Lifetime Value Added
-$147k
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Economics
BachCIP: 4506
Median Debt
$14,000
Earnings (4yr)
$155,592
Natl Median: $82,686
Lifetime Value Added
+$711k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $100,647
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Engineering Science
BachCIP: 1413
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $93,782
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$50,428
Natl Median: $48,590
Lifetime Value Added
-$96k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$29,685
Natl Median: $51,710
Lifetime Value Added
-$265k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $41,367
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
History
BachCIP: 5401
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$70,679
Natl Median: $50,680
Lifetime Value Added
+$68k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $41,200
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $53,072
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $49,984
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Mathematics
BachCIP: 2701
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $69,562
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $92,135
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Music
BachCIP: 5009
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $42,892
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $55,012
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Natural Sciences
BachCIP: 3018
Median Debt
$25,000
Earnings (4yr)
$95,507
Natl Median: $57,935
Lifetime Value Added
+$257k
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Median Debt
$7,500
Earnings (5yr)
$94,667
Natl Median: $62,451
Lifetime Value Added
+$237k
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Philosophy
BachCIP: 3801
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $54,455
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Physics
BachCIP: 4008
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $76,786
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$7,500
Earnings (4yr)
$95,838
Natl Median: $63,293
Lifetime Value Added
+$260k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Psychology, General
BachCIP: 4201
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $50,706
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $41,390
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$70,167
Natl Median: $55,695
Lifetime Value Added
+$64k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $55,000
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $62,169
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$25,000
Earnings (4yr)
$78,996
Natl Median: $53,366
Lifetime Value Added
+$131k
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Sociology
BachCIP: 4511
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$126,624
Natl Median: $52,657
Lifetime Value Added
+$475k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Statistics
BachCIP: 2705
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$230,876
Natl Median: $92,425
Lifetime Value Added
+$1266k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $41,688
Lifetime Value Added
N/A

Master's Degrees

Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$198,921
Natl Median: $235,700
Lifetime Value Added
+$1060k
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Anthropology
MastCIP: 4502
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $61,276
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Applied Mathematics
MastCIP: 2703
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $116,060
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Architectural History, Criticism, and Conservation
MastCIP: 0408
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $65,042
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$63,000
Earnings (4yr)
$85,062
Natl Median: $77,466
Lifetime Value Added
+$75k
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Architecture
MastCIP: 0402
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$86,602
Natl Median: $72,487
Lifetime Value Added
+$74k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Area Studies
MastCIP: 0501
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$115,583
Natl Median: $68,936
Lifetime Value Added
Not scored

Not scored. Graduates of this program earn more than graduates of the school's doctorate in the same field, and about 1.7× the national median for this credential. That usually means students arrived already holding a degree or years of work experience. Our model assumes a student starting right after a bachelor's degree, so it can't measure what this program added. Earnings are as reported by the College Scorecard. Run it with your own cost and expected pay →

Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $77,545
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Biology, General
MastCIP: 2601
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $69,830
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$155,888
Natl Median: $110,121
Lifetime Value Added
+$690k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $106,375
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Biotechnology
MastCIP: 2612
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$155,219
Natl Median: $107,682
Lifetime Value Added
+$684k
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Median Debt
$34,302
Earnings (4yr)
$113,503
Natl Median: $103,485
Lifetime Value Added
+$324k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $97,526
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $76,837
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$102,979
Natl Median: $79,665
Lifetime Value Added
+$232k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$189,806
Natl Median: $124,201
Lifetime Value Added
+$982k
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Median Debt
$47,239
Earnings (4yr)
$228,519
Natl Median: $136,736
Lifetime Value Added
+$1307k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Computer Science
MastCIP: 1107
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $145,571
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $70,073
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$41,628
Natl Median: $49,978
Lifetime Value Added
-$334k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
$59,147
Earnings (4yr)
$168,833
Natl Median: $82,527
Lifetime Value Added
+$801k
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Education, General
MastCIP: 1301
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$88,307
Natl Median: $65,824
Lifetime Value Added
+$104k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Education, Other
MastCIP: 1399
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$64,706
Natl Median: $64,279
Lifetime Value Added
-$81k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$74,341
Natl Median: $69,438
Lifetime Value Added
+$8k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
$29,650
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $66,232
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$20,500
Earnings (4yr)
$127,546
Natl Median: $70,644
Lifetime Value Added
+$446k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Engineering Physics
MastCIP: 1412
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $114,121
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Engineering Science
MastCIP: 1413
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $123,681
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $125,651
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $55,512
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$28,818
Earnings (4yr)
$153,797
Natl Median: $110,694
Lifetime Value Added
+$672k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $89,981
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Health Professions Education, Ethics, and Humanities
MastCIP: 5132
Median Debt
$54,000
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $100,487
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $64,496
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
History
MastCIP: 5401
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $55,360
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $112,705
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$52,663
Natl Median: $57,017
Lifetime Value Added
-$197k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Journalism
MastCIP: 0904
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $69,034
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$89,681
Natl Median: $70,306
Lifetime Value Added
+$100k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $101,000
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$30,080
Earnings (4yr)
$92,158
Natl Median: $65,716
Lifetime Value Added
+$137k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $58,093
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $198,417
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $101,441
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Medicine
MastCIP: 5112
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $107,321
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$49,683
Natl Median: $53,692
Lifetime Value Added
-$247k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Music
MastCIP: 5009
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $48,285
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$61,185
Earnings (4yr)
$84,831
Natl Median: $74,607
Lifetime Value Added
+$73k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Philosophy
MastCIP: 3801
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $60,272
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Physics
MastCIP: 4008
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $96,478
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $78,850
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$39,585
Earnings (4yr)
$177,149
Natl Median: $81,408
Lifetime Value Added
+$873k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Public Health
MastCIP: 5122
Median Debt
$66,000
Earnings (4yr)
$153,029
Natl Median: $82,751
Lifetime Value Added
+$665k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
$75,236
Earnings (4yr)
$129,978
Natl Median: $93,020
Lifetime Value Added
+$467k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Real Estate
MastCIP: 5215
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $135,104
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $59,877
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Statistics
MastCIP: 2705
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $123,816
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$41,000
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $76,897
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$52,822
Natl Median: $58,007
Lifetime Value Added
-$196k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $63,707
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$19,500
Earnings (4yr)
$61,789
Natl Median: $61,300
Lifetime Value Added
-$132k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$113,887
Natl Median: $59,460
Lifetime Value Added
+$327k
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Graduate Certificates

Median Debt
$239,536
Earnings (4yr)
$198,324
Natl Median: $207,164
Lifetime Value Added
+$1226k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$39,927
Natl Median: $39,927
Lifetime Value Added
-$272k
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Education, General
Gr-CertCIP: 1301
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$82,596
Natl Median: $69,448
Lifetime Value Added
+$140k
Try this program with your own numbers →

Doctoral Degrees

Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $125,137
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Anthropology
DocCIP: 4502
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $77,473
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $123,729
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Architecture
DocCIP: 0402
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $80,586
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Area Studies
DocCIP: 0501
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$90,752
Natl Median: $69,249
Lifetime Value Added
-$56k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $92,233
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$125,925
Natl Median: $104,514
Lifetime Value Added
+$217k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$174,114
Natl Median: $112,683
Lifetime Value Added
+$570k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $101,096
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Biology, General
DocCIP: 2601
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$106,501
Natl Median: $92,983
Lifetime Value Added
+$74k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $153,586
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $113,566
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $99,578
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Chemistry
DocCIP: 4005
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $115,386
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $92,533
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $66,154
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $66,710
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Computer Science
DocCIP: 1107
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $178,476
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$185,905
Natl Median: $97,173
Lifetime Value Added
+$656k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Economics
DocCIP: 4506
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $135,560
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Education, General
DocCIP: 1301
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$125,405
Natl Median: $87,373
Lifetime Value Added
+$214k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $139,646
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $133,482
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $65,831
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $81,271
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $68,718
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $96,500
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Genetics
DocCIP: 2608
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $102,123
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $64,725
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
History
DocCIP: 5401
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $70,550
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $110,734
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $77,285
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Mathematics
DocCIP: 2701
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $89,656
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $162,120
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $101,435
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Music
DocCIP: 5009
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $59,592
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$58,673
Natl Median: $96,176
Lifetime Value Added
-$267k
Try this program with your own numbers →
Philosophy
DocCIP: 3801
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $70,449
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Physics
DocCIP: 4008
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $130,153
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$84,653
Natl Median: $90,908
Lifetime Value Added
-$63k
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Public Health
DocCIP: 5122
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$143,521
Natl Median: $108,962
Lifetime Value Added
+$346k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$87,604
Natl Median: $119,220
Lifetime Value Added
-$40k
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Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $67,164
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $103,410
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $69,860
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $59,812
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Sociology
DocCIP: 4511
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $88,618
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Statistics
DocCIP: 2705
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $156,733
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$53,358
Natl Median: $81,301
Lifetime Value Added
-$311k
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Professional Degrees

Median Debt
$41,000
Earnings (4yr)
$272,009
Natl Median: $214,836
Lifetime Value Added
+$1256k
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Dentistry
ProfCIP: 5104
Median Debt
$232,651
Earnings (4yr)
$151,692
Natl Median: $170,812
Lifetime Value Added
+$406k
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Law
ProfCIP: 2201
Median Debt
$61,500
Earnings (4yr)
$291,490
Natl Median: $107,773
Lifetime Value Added
+$1387k
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Medicine
ProfCIP: 5112
Median Debt
$92,193
Earnings (4yr)
$108,149
Natl Median: $112,460
Lifetime Value Added
+$86k
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Median Debt
$25,500
Earnings (4yr)
$63,549
Natl Median: $63,395
Lifetime Value Added
-$247k
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Note: Lifetime Value Added is the Net Present Value (NPV) of estimated career earnings relative to a median high school graduate (for undergraduate programs) or a median bachelor's degree holder (for graduate programs), accounting for this institution's average cost and taxes. Computed over a career to retirement age.

For graduate programs (Master's, Doctoral, etc.), the calculation assumes a starting age of 22 (after undergraduate completion) and does not include the sunk costs of prior degrees. It represents the value added of the graduate decision moving forward. Note that the institution's average undergraduate net price is used as a proxy for annual cost, which may differ from actual graduate tuition. These Lifetime Value Added results for graduate degrees should not be compared with those for Undergraduate Certificates, Associates or Bachelors.

Completers Only: Federal median earnings data strictly reflects outcomes for students who successfully graduated. Students who do not complete their degree typically earn significantly less and face higher risks of debt default.