College ROI

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Economics.

Doctoral Degree105 Institutions

Completers Only: Federal median earnings data strictly reflects outcomes for students who successfully graduated. Students who do not complete their degree typically earn significantly less and face higher risks of debt default.

Annual Full Cost vs. Median Earnings

Each dot represents one program at an institution. Shows the spread of annual sticker price (or net price if sticker price is unavailable) vs earnings 4 years post-grad.

Field Median ($97,632)
P25-P75 Interval ($84,653 - $127,993)
HS Baseline ($35,872)
Breakeven Line (0% ROI)
Institution
State
Earnings
Avg Net PriceMedian Debt
Lifetime Value Added
Madison
WI
$136,278
Nat: $135,560
2yr Post-Grad
$17,354
/yr
-
+$340k
La Jolla
CA
$127,993
Nat: $135,560
2yr Post-Grad
$12,470
/yr
-
+$294k
Fairfax
VA
$97,632
Nat: $135,560
4yr Post-Grad
$17,915
/yr
-
+$12k
Tucson
AZ
-
Nat: $135,560
$16,674
/yr
-
-$0
Fayetteville
AR
-
Nat: $135,560
$18,209
/yr
-
-$0
Berkeley
CA
-
Nat: $135,560
$13,481
/yr
-
-$0
Davis
CA
-
Nat: $135,560
$14,741
/yr
-
-$0
Los Angeles
CA
-
Nat: $135,560
$12,548
/yr
-
-$0
Riverside
CA
-
Nat: $135,560
$14,304
/yr
-
-$0
Santa Barbara
CA
-
Nat: $135,560
$16,109
/yr
-
-$0
Santa Cruz
CA
-
Nat: $135,560
$17,890
/yr
-
-$0
Claremont
CA
-
Nat: $135,560
-
/yr
-
-$0
Boulder
CO
-
Nat: $135,560
$25,346
/yr
-
-$0
Golden
CO
-
Nat: $135,560
$28,690
/yr
-
-$0
Fort Collins
CO
-
Nat: $135,560
$21,279
/yr
-
-$0
Storrs
CT
-
Nat: $135,560
$25,097
/yr
-
-$0
Newark
DE
-
Nat: $135,560
$17,799
/yr
-
-$0
Washington
DC
-
Nat: $135,560
$41,943
/yr
-
-$0
Washington
DC
-
Nat: $135,560
$36,586
/yr
-
-$0
Washington
DC
-
Nat: $135,560
$40,815
/yr
-
-$0
Washington
DC
-
Nat: $135,560
$50,539
/yr
-
-$0
Tallahassee
FL
-
Nat: $135,560
$11,297
/yr
-
-$0
Gainesville
FL
-
Nat: $135,560
$6,541
/yr
-
-$0
Tampa
FL
-
Nat: $135,560
$9,812
/yr
-
-$0
Atlanta
GA
-
Nat: $135,560
$15,931
/yr
-
-$0
Honolulu
HI
-
Nat: $135,560
$15,664
/yr
-
-$0
Chicago
IL
-
Nat: $135,560
$14,860
/yr
-
-$0
Chicago
IL
-
Nat: $135,560
$10,974
/yr
-
-$0
Evanston
IL
-
Nat: $135,560
$29,167
/yr
-
-$0
Carbondale
IL
-
Nat: $135,560
$13,297
/yr
-
-$0
Bloomington
IN
-
Nat: $135,560
$16,264
/yr
-
-$0
Notre Dame
IN
-
Nat: $135,560
$26,780
/yr
-
-$0
Ames
IA
-
Nat: $135,560
$18,589
/yr
-
-$0
Iowa City
IA
-
Nat: $135,560
$22,531
/yr
-
-$0
Lawrence
KS
-
Nat: $135,560
$18,059
/yr
-
-$0
Manhattan
KS
-
Nat: $135,560
$19,406
/yr
-
-$0
Lexington
KY
-
Nat: $135,560
$18,851
/yr
-
-$0
New Orleans
LA
-
Nat: $135,560
$39,949
/yr
-
-$0
Baltimore
MD
-
Nat: $135,560
$18,809
/yr
-
-$0
College Park
MD
-
Nat: $135,560
$15,678
/yr
-
-$0
Chestnut Hill
MA
-
Nat: $135,560
$41,704
/yr
-
-$0
Boston
MA
-
Nat: $135,560
$24,402
/yr
-
-$0
Waltham
MA
-
Nat: $135,560
$35,736
/yr
-
-$0
Worcester
MA
-
Nat: $135,560
$28,714
/yr
-
-$0
Cambridge
MA
-
Nat: $135,560
$19,066
/yr
-
-$0
Amherst
MA
-
Nat: $135,560
$22,383
/yr
-
-$0
Cambridge
MA
-
Nat: $135,560
$20,111
/yr
-
-$0
Boston
MA
-
Nat: $135,560
$30,915
/yr
-
-$0
Ann Arbor
MI
-
Nat: $135,560
$13,138
/yr
-
-$0
East Lansing
MI
-
Nat: $135,560
$19,680
/yr
-
-$0
Minneapolis
MN
-
Nat: $135,560
$16,778
/yr
-
-$0
Hattiesburg
MS
-
Nat: $135,560
$21,708
/yr
-
-$0
Columbia
MO
-
Nat: $135,560
$20,268
/yr
-
-$0
Reno
NV
-
Nat: $135,560
$15,927
/yr
-
-$0
Durham
NH
-
Nat: $135,560
$23,805
/yr
-
-$0
Princeton
NJ
-
Nat: $135,560
$6,128
/yr
-
-$0
Albuquerque
NM
-
Nat: $135,560
$15,489
/yr
-
-$0
Las Cruces
NM
-
Nat: $135,560
$8,889
/yr
-
-$0
New York
NY
-
Nat: $135,560
$21,590
/yr
-
-$0
Ithaca
NY
-
Nat: $135,560
$28,690
/yr
-
-$0
CUNY Graduate School and University Center
⚠️ Caution: This institution flagged for high risk factors (low completion/older demographics) that may artificially inflate its ROI.
New York
NY
-
Nat: $135,560
-
/yr
-
-$0
Bronx
NY
-
Nat: $135,560
$44,338
/yr
-
-$0
New York
NY
-
Nat: $135,560
$58,741
/yr
-
-$0
Rochester
NY
-
Nat: $135,560
$29,278
/yr
-
-$0
Buffalo
NY
-
Nat: $135,560
$20,995
/yr
-
-$0
Syracuse
NY
-
Nat: $135,560
$38,793
/yr
-
-$0
New York
NY
-
Nat: $135,560
-
/yr
-
-$0
Durham
NC
-
Nat: $135,560
$29,612
/yr
-
-$0
Chapel Hill
NC
-
Nat: $135,560
$11,655
/yr
-
-$0
Raleigh
NC
-
Nat: $135,560
$17,303
/yr
-
-$0
Columbus
OH
-
Nat: $135,560
$17,339
/yr
-
-$0
Norman
OK
-
Nat: $135,560
$15,300
/yr
-
-$0
Corvallis
OR
-
Nat: $135,560
$19,604
/yr
-
-$0
Pittsburgh
PA
-
Nat: $135,560
$31,944
/yr
-
-$0
University Park
PA
-
Nat: $135,560
$32,875
/yr
-
-$0
Philadelphia
PA
-
Nat: $135,560
$28,699
/yr
-
-$0
Pittsburgh
PA
-
Nat: $135,560
$30,434
/yr
-
-$0
Philadelphia
PA
-
Nat: $135,560
$28,198
/yr
-
-$0
Providence
RI
-
Nat: $135,560
$25,184
/yr
-
-$0
Kingston
RI
-
Nat: $135,560
$21,440
/yr
-
-$0
Clemson
SC
-
Nat: $135,560
$22,253
/yr
-
-$0
Columbia
SC
-
Nat: $135,560
$22,811
/yr
-
-$0
Nashville
TN
-
Nat: $135,560
$15,846
/yr
-
-$0
Houston
TX
-
Nat: $135,560
$14,276
/yr
-
-$0
Houston
TX
-
Nat: $135,560
$13,370
/yr
-
-$0
Dallas
TX
-
Nat: $135,560
$40,892
/yr
-
-$0
College Station
TX
-
Nat: $135,560
$21,315
/yr
-
-$0
Austin
TX
-
Nat: $135,560
$19,857
/yr
-
-$0
Richardson
TX
-
Nat: $135,560
$18,267
/yr
-
-$0
Lubbock
TX
-
Nat: $135,560
$19,070
/yr
-
-$0
Salt Lake City
UT
-
Nat: $135,560
$16,200
/yr
-
-$0
Charlottesville
VA
-
Nat: $135,560
$21,565
/yr
-
-$0
Pullman
WA
-
Nat: $135,560
$14,971
/yr
-
-$0
Seattle
WA
-
Nat: $135,560
$14,091
/yr
-
-$0
Milwaukee
WI
-
Nat: $135,560
$15,014
/yr
-
-$0
Laramie
WY
-
Nat: $135,560
$13,599
/yr
-
-$0
Stanford
CA
-
Nat: $135,560
$13,807
/yr
-
-$0
West Lafayette
IN
-
Nat: $135,560
$14,600
/yr
-
-$0
Waterbury
CT
-
Nat: $135,560
$10,875
/yr
-
-$0
Groton
CT
-
Nat: $135,560
$13,807
/yr
-
-$0
Stamford
CT
-
Nat: $135,560
$16,798
/yr
-
-$0
Bend
OR
-
Nat: $135,560
$18,048
/yr
-
-$0
Hartford
CT
-
Nat: $135,560
$16,403
/yr
-
-$0
Eugene
OR
$84,653
Nat: $135,560
2yr Post-Grad
$22,182
/yr
-
-$74k
Irvine
CA
$78,971
Nat: $135,560
2yr Post-Grad
$14,251
/yr
-
-$90k
Analysis Notes:
  • Lifetime Value Added: Net Present Value (NPV) of estimated career earnings relative to a median bachelor's degree holder, accounting for this institution's average cost and taxes.
  • Avg Net Price: The average price paid by students who receive federal financial aid (grants/loans).Note: For graduate programs, the institution's average undergraduate net price is used as a proxy for annual cost, which may differ from actual graduate tuition and net price.
Important Note: Your ROI with any major will depend on the cost you pay to attend the program, and your starting salary. Both vary significantly across institutions. We encourage you to explore the ROI of a specific program variant by selecting the Program title of the credential level you are interested in. You will then have a more detailed return analysis for programs at specific institutions. We also encourage you to use the ROI calculator, or for more sophisticated analysis, the Guided ROI Interview, with your specific estimates of cost and salary.