College ROI

Smarter Choices, Brighter Futures
Back to Colleges

University of Massachusetts-Amherst

Amherst, MA 23,671 Undergrads 81.3% Grad Rate
School Website|Financial Calculator
Share
Total Cost
$34,549
Sticker Price
Avg Net Price
$22,383
After Aid
Median Earnings
$78,620
4yr Post-Grad

Vs. Peer Institutions

Net Price$22,383
Peer Midpoint: $20,081
Earnings (4yr Post-Grad)Completers only after graduation
$78,620
Peer Midpoint: $60,428
Earnings (10yr Post-Enroll)All enrolled after enrollment
$71,631
Peer Midpoint: $53,763
Graduation Rate81.3%
Peer Midpoint: 58.9%
Average Starting Age21.3
Socio-Economic Diversity
Pell Grant Recipients20.3%
Enrollment Status
Full-Time95.8%
Economic Outcomes
Earn More than HS78.7%

Admissions Profile

Acceptance
59.7%
SAT Avg
1,423
SAT Reading
25th: 65066575th: 730
SAT Math
25th: 66069075th: 770
ACT Composite
25th: 303175th: 33

ROI Sensitivity Analysis
Assuming 4 Years to Graduation

This analysis tests three cost scenarios (Scholarship, Average Net Price, Full Sticker Price) to show how college costs impact your long-term return compared to the average student and a high school graduate.

Lifetime Value Added (NPV)

Institution Lifetime NPV
Vs Median Peer
Vs HS Grad
Zero Cost (Scholarship)$0
+$680k
+$213k
+$195k
Median Cost$22k/yr
+$599k
+$132k
+$115k
Full Cost$35k/yr
+$555k
+$89k
+$71k

ROI Efficiency Metrics

Break-Even Age
Return on Inv. %
Zero Cost (Scholarship)$0
28
∞
Median Cost$22k/yr
36
143%
Full Cost$35k/yr
42
57%
Analysis Assumptions:
  • Starting Salary: Estimated from the 4-year post-graduation median earnings (assuming 2% annual growth from graduation).
  • Comparisons: "Vs Median Peer" compares to the median student nationwide in a similar level program. "Vs HS Grad" compares to a median high school graduate.
  • Break-Even: The age at which the college investment net income exceeds the median high school graduate's lifetime earnings.
  • NPV: Net Present Value of all future earnings minus costs and taxes, discounted at 7.8%.

Social Impact ROINew

Measures the societal return on a donor's investment. Calculated as the incremental pre-tax lifetime earnings vs. HS grad, divided by the tax-adjusted donation cost.

Donor Return202%

Gov. Pell Grant ROINew

Measures the government's return on Pell Grants via increased tax revenue. Calculated as the portion of incremental lifetime taxes (discounted at 5.4%) attributed to the Pell Grant investment.

Taxpayer Return2%
Important Note: Your ROI with any major will depend on the cost you pay to attend the program, and your starting salary. Both vary significantly across institutions. We encourage you to explore the ROI of a specific program variant by selecting the Program title of the credential level you are interested in. You will then have a more detailed return analysis for programs at specific institutions. We also encourage you to use the ROI calculator, or for more sophisticated analysis, the Guided ROI Interview, with your specific estimates of cost and salary.

Program ROI Analysis

Associate's Degrees

Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $34,692
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $42,438
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$11,000
Earnings (4yr)
$57,093
Natl Median: $45,283
Lifetime Value Added
+$76k

Bachelor's Degrees

Median Debt
$22,867
Earnings (4yr)
$100,516
Natl Median: $76,194
Lifetime Value Added
+$282k
Median Debt
$19,979
Earnings (4yr)
$42,520
Natl Median: $53,588
Lifetime Value Added
-$175k
Median Debt
$23,236
Earnings (4yr)
$57,461
Natl Median: $49,880
Lifetime Value Added
-$50k
Animal Sciences
BachCIP: 0109
Median Debt
$26,724
Earnings (4yr)
$59,543
Natl Median: $49,634
Lifetime Value Added
-$33k
Anthropology
BachCIP: 4502
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$31,186
Natl Median: $46,676
Lifetime Value Added
-$273k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $58,494
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$22,250
Earnings (4yr)
$93,156
Natl Median: $70,074
Lifetime Value Added
+$226k
Area Studies
BachCIP: 0501
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $56,625
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $68,333
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$23,250
Earnings (4yr)
$77,853
Natl Median: $65,466
Lifetime Value Added
+$109k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $58,891
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Biology, General
BachCIP: 2601
Median Debt
$24,250
Earnings (4yr)
$72,726
Natl Median: $57,214
Lifetime Value Added
+$70k
Median Debt
$20,500
Earnings (4yr)
$92,623
Natl Median: $68,257
Lifetime Value Added
+$222k
Median Debt
$27,000
Earnings (4yr)
$97,990
Natl Median: $98,158
Lifetime Value Added
+$263k
Chemistry
BachCIP: 4005
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$78,373
Natl Median: $65,120
Lifetime Value Added
+$113k
Civil Engineering
BachCIP: 1408
Median Debt
$26,961
Earnings (4yr)
$88,076
Natl Median: $86,517
Lifetime Value Added
+$187k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$46,895
Natl Median: $49,429
Lifetime Value Added
-$145k
Median Debt
$20,500
Earnings (4yr)
$60,891
Natl Median: $56,359
Lifetime Value Added
-$22k
Median Debt
$22,375
Earnings (4yr)
$63,620
Natl Median: $58,928
Lifetime Value Added
-$438
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $77,632
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$100,600
Natl Median: $83,541
Lifetime Value Added
+$268k
Median Debt
$27,000
Earnings (4yr)
$113,083
Natl Median: $109,015
Lifetime Value Added
+$377k
Computer Science
BachCIP: 1107
Median Debt
$22,679
Earnings (4yr)
$123,519
Natl Median: $107,009
Lifetime Value Added
+$456k
Dance
BachCIP: 5003
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $39,980
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$41,063
Natl Median: $39,775
Lifetime Value Added
-$194k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$42,221
Natl Median: $51,642
Lifetime Value Added
-$184k
Economics
BachCIP: 4506
Median Debt
$22,250
Earnings (4yr)
$80,434
Natl Median: $82,686
Lifetime Value Added
+$129k
Education, General
BachCIP: 1301
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$65,277
Natl Median: $49,808
Lifetime Value Added
+$3k
Median Debt
$27,000
Earnings (4yr)
$101,091
Natl Median: $100,647
Lifetime Value Added
+$286k
Median Debt
$21,750
Earnings (4yr)
$48,475
Natl Median: $48,590
Lifetime Value Added
-$124k
Median Debt
$20,000
Earnings (4yr)
$55,571
Natl Median: $57,461
Lifetime Value Added
-$65k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$63,903
Natl Median: $51,710
Lifetime Value Added
-$8k
Median Debt
$20,500
Earnings (4yr)
$96,995
Natl Median: $83,343
Lifetime Value Added
+$255k
Median Debt
$22,375
Earnings (4yr)
$46,027
Natl Median: $41,367
Lifetime Value Added
-$145k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$77,771
Natl Median: $70,873
Lifetime Value Added
+$108k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $57,853
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $60,190
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
History
BachCIP: 5401
Median Debt
$21,250
Earnings (4yr)
$56,597
Natl Median: $50,680
Lifetime Value Added
-$57k
Median Debt
$21,500
Earnings (4yr)
$70,916
Natl Median: $56,726
Lifetime Value Added
+$56k
Median Debt
$26,111
Earnings (4yr)
$97,791
Natl Median: $98,442
Lifetime Value Added
+$261k
Journalism
BachCIP: 0904
Median Debt
$21,500
Earnings (4yr)
$52,011
Natl Median: $56,278
Lifetime Value Added
-$95k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$64,477
Natl Median: $66,387
Lifetime Value Added
+$6k
Median Debt
$22,597
Earnings (4yr)
$73,242
Natl Median: $53,072
Lifetime Value Added
+$74k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$47,529
Natl Median: $49,984
Lifetime Value Added
-$140k
Marketing
BachCIP: 5214
Median Debt
$21,796
Earnings (4yr)
$86,299
Natl Median: $69,303
Lifetime Value Added
+$173k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $118,943
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Mathematics
BachCIP: 2701
Median Debt
$21,000
Earnings (4yr)
$83,338
Natl Median: $69,562
Lifetime Value Added
+$151k
Median Debt
$25,292
Earnings (4yr)
$96,999
Natl Median: $92,135
Lifetime Value Added
+$255k
Median Debt
$23,750
Earnings (4yr)
$66,642
Natl Median: $62,582
Lifetime Value Added
+$23k
Median Debt
$22,496
Earnings (4yr)
$63,383
Natl Median: $55,693
Lifetime Value Added
-$2k
Music
BachCIP: 5009
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$32,203
Natl Median: $42,892
Lifetime Value Added
-$269k
Median Debt
$22,844
Earnings (4yr)
$54,215
Natl Median: $55,012
Lifetime Value Added
-$76k
Non-Professional Legal Studies
BachCIP: 2200
Median Debt
$21,500
Earnings (4yr)
$69,269
Natl Median: $61,959
Lifetime Value Added
+$43k
Nutrition Sciences
BachCIP: 3019
Median Debt
$20,500
Earnings (4yr)
$63,019
Natl Median: $60,053
Lifetime Value Added
-$5k
Philosophy
BachCIP: 3801
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$46,469
Natl Median: $54,455
Lifetime Value Added
-$149k
Physics
BachCIP: 4008
Median Debt
$26,202
Earnings (4yr)
$72,596
Natl Median: $76,786
Lifetime Value Added
+$69k
Median Debt
$25,000
Earnings (4yr)
$74,422
Natl Median: $62,172
Lifetime Value Added
+$83k
Plant Sciences
BachCIP: 0111
Median Debt
$23,250
Earnings (4yr)
$51,912
Natl Median: $56,567
Lifetime Value Added
-$95k
Median Debt
$20,369
Earnings (4yr)
$60,726
Natl Median: $63,293
Lifetime Value Added
-$23k
Psychology, General
BachCIP: 4201
Median Debt
$22,172
Earnings (4yr)
$51,274
Natl Median: $50,706
Lifetime Value Added
-$101k
Public Health
BachCIP: 5122
Median Debt
$21,746
Earnings (4yr)
$63,854
Natl Median: $58,808
Lifetime Value Added
+$1k
Median Debt
$25,000
Earnings (4yr)
$90,309
Natl Median: $88,910
Lifetime Value Added
+$204k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$70,508
Natl Median: $55,000
Lifetime Value Added
+$42k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$16,663
Natl Median: $56,812
Lifetime Value Added
-$395k
Sociology
BachCIP: 4511
Median Debt
$21,500
Earnings (4yr)
$56,960
Natl Median: $52,657
Lifetime Value Added
-$54k
Sports, Kinesiology, and Physical Education/Fitness
BachCIP: 3105
Median Debt
$23,250
Earnings (4yr)
$73,238
Natl Median: $54,562
Lifetime Value Added
+$74k
Median Debt
$7,500
Earnings (4yr)
$59,298
Natl Median: $44,115
Lifetime Value Added
-$35k

Post-Baccalaureate Certificates

Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$67,212
Natl Median: $63,623
Lifetime Value Added
-$23k

Master's Degrees

Median Debt
$20,500
Earnings (4yr)
$109,628
Natl Median: $95,833
Lifetime Value Added
+$283k
Animal Sciences
MastCIP: 0109
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $75,394
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Applied Mathematics
MastCIP: 2703
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $116,060
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $77,466
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Architecture
MastCIP: 0402
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $74,139
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $80,271
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $67,090
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$32,030
Earnings (4yr)
$165,473
Natl Median: $103,485
Lifetime Value Added
+$767k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $76,837
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Chemistry
MastCIP: 4005
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $82,937
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$63,734
Natl Median: $79,665
Lifetime Value Added
-$131k
Civil Engineering
MastCIP: 1408
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$87,779
Natl Median: $98,323
Lifetime Value Added
+$92k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (5yr)
$74,751
Natl Median: $67,030
Lifetime Value Added
-$35k
Computer Science
MastCIP: 1107
Median Debt
$30,322
Earnings (4yr)
$154,099
Natl Median: $145,571
Lifetime Value Added
+$668k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $49,978
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $62,871
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Economics
MastCIP: 4506
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $100,743
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Education, General
MastCIP: 1301
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$67,432
Natl Median: $65,824
Lifetime Value Added
-$86k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $133,654
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $125,651
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $55,512
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $71,717
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $92,629
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$46,477
Natl Median: $49,079
Lifetime Value Added
-$282k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $88,332
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $79,784
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $79,463
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $49,357
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
History
MastCIP: 5401
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $55,360
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$98,155
Natl Median: $83,558
Lifetime Value Added
+$183k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $119,184
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $70,306
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$25,222
Earnings (4yr)
$91,064
Natl Median: $124,807
Lifetime Value Added
+$121k
Marine Sciences
MastCIP: 3032
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $66,840
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Mathematics
MastCIP: 2701
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $72,654
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $115,974
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$100,729
Natl Median: $84,750
Lifetime Value Added
+$206k
Music
MastCIP: 5009
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$38,489
Natl Median: $48,285
Lifetime Value Added
-$361k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$74,899
Natl Median: $74,607
Lifetime Value Added
-$21k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $73,229
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Nutrition Sciences
MastCIP: 3019
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $67,126
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Physics
MastCIP: 4008
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $96,478
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $67,681
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Plant Sciences
MastCIP: 0111
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $70,814
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $78,850
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Public Health
MastCIP: 5122
Median Debt
$30,775
Earnings (4yr)
$84,978
Natl Median: $82,751
Lifetime Value Added
+$68k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$82,435
Natl Median: $93,020
Lifetime Value Added
+$45k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $120,193
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$51,558
Natl Median: $55,035
Lifetime Value Added
-$233k
Sports, Kinesiology, and Physical Education/Fitness
MastCIP: 3105
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $62,033
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$68,841
Natl Median: $76,897
Lifetime Value Added
-$74k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $63,707
Lifetime Value Added
N/A

Graduate Certificates

Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $65,226
Lifetime Value Added
N/A

Doctoral Degrees

Animal Sciences
DocCIP: 0109
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $95,778
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Anthropology
DocCIP: 4502
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $77,473
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $92,233
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $82,507
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $113,566
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $99,578
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $141,187
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Chemistry
DocCIP: 4005
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$69,338
Natl Median: $115,386
Lifetime Value Added
-$193k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $92,533
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Civil Engineering
DocCIP: 1408
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $110,980
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $77,931
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $88,343
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Computer Science
DocCIP: 1107
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $178,476
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $97,173
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Economics
DocCIP: 4506
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $135,560
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Education, General
DocCIP: 1301
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
$110,816
Natl Median: $87,373
Lifetime Value Added
+$94k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $157,305
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (2yr)
$47,260
Natl Median: $65,831
Lifetime Value Added
-$373k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $81,271
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $107,003
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $92,039
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
History
DocCIP: 5401
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $70,550
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $137,148
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $77,285
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Mathematics
DocCIP: 2701
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $89,656
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $131,070
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $101,435
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Music
DocCIP: 5009
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $59,592
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $87,076
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $96,176
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Philosophy
DocCIP: 3801
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $70,449
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Physics
DocCIP: 4008
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $130,153
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $93,640
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $90,908
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $130,514
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $98,707
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Public Health
DocCIP: 5122
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $108,962
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Median Debt
$57,030
Earnings (4yr)
$126,453
Natl Median: $138,131
Lifetime Value Added
+$209k
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $69,860
Lifetime Value Added
N/A
Sociology
DocCIP: 4511
Median Debt
-
Earnings (4yr)
-
Natl Median: $88,618
Lifetime Value Added
N/A

Note: Lifetime Value Added is the Net Present Value (NPV) of estimated career earnings relative to a median high school graduate (for undergraduate programs) or a median bachelor's degree holder (for graduate programs), accounting for this institution's average cost and taxes. Computed over a career to retirement age.

For graduate programs (Master's, Doctoral, etc.), the calculation assumes a starting age of 22 (after undergraduate completion) and does not include the sunk costs of prior degrees. It represents the value added of the graduate decision moving forward. Note that the institution's average undergraduate net price is used as a proxy for annual cost, which may differ from actual graduate tuition. These Lifetime Value Added results for graduate degrees should not be compared with those for Undergraduate Certificates, Associates or Bachelors.

Completers Only: Federal median earnings data strictly reflects outcomes for students who successfully graduated. Students who do not complete their degree typically earn significantly less and face higher risks of debt default.