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Chemistry.
Master's Degree•258 Institutions
Completers Only: Federal median earnings data strictly reflects outcomes for students who successfully graduated. Students who do not complete their degree typically earn significantly less and face higher risks of debt default.
Annual Full Cost vs. Median Earnings
Each dot represents one program at an institution. Shows the spread of annual sticker price (or net price if sticker price is unavailable) vs earnings 4 years post-grad.
Field Median ($94,728)
P25-P75 Interval ($73,698 - $103,532)
Bachelor's Baseline ($56,938)
Breakeven Line (0% ROI)
These figures are medians for past graduates who received federal aid. Your cost and pay will differ. Run your own numbers in the Guided ROI Interview →
Institution | State | Earnings | Avg Net Price | Median Debt | Lifetime Value Added |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austin | TX | $139,050 Nat: $82,937 5yr Post-Grad | $18,554 /yr | - | +$523k |
Chicago | IL | $125,206 Nat: $82,937 5yr Post-Grad | $22,443 /yr | - | +$398k |
Los Angeles | CA | $107,724 Nat: $82,937 4yr Post-Grad | $14,659 /yr | - | +$282k |
Villanova | PA | $109,388 Nat: $82,937 4yr Post-Grad | $41,536 /yr | - | +$247k |
Minneapolis | MN | $103,532 Nat: $82,937 5yr Post-Grad | $17,330 /yr | - | +$222k |
Queens | NY | $101,669 Nat: $82,937 4yr Post-Grad | $24,508 /yr | - | +$211k |
Wilmington | NC | $99,106 Nat: $82,937 4yr Post-Grad | $19,570 /yr | - | +$197k |
Tallahassee | FL | $94,513 Nat: $82,937 4yr Post-Grad | $8,605 /yr | - | +$177k |
Ann Arbor | MI | $95,163 Nat: $82,937 4yr Post-Grad | $14,362 /yr | - | +$172k |
Eugene | OR | $94,728 Nat: $82,937 4yr Post-Grad | $22,547 /yr | $34,918 | +$154k |
Atlanta | GA | $78,070 Nat: $82,937 4yr Post-Grad | $12,365 /yr | - | +$26k |
Boston | MA | $75,706 Nat: $82,937 2yr Post-Grad | $29,060 /yr | - | +$2k |
Birmingham | AL | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,630 /yr | - | -$0 |
Huntsville | AL | - Nat: $82,937 | $22,758 /yr | - | -$0 |
Auburn | AL | - Nat: $82,937 | $25,424 /yr | - | -$0 |
Tuskegee | AL | - Nat: $82,937 | $40,141 /yr | - | -$0 |
Fairbanks | AK | - Nat: $82,937 | $7,570 /yr | - | -$0 |
Tempe | AZ | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,694 /yr | - | -$0 |
Tucson | AZ | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,125 /yr | - | -$0 |
Flagstaff | AZ | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,265 /yr | - | -$0 |
Little Rock | AR | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,882 /yr | - | -$0 |
Fayetteville | AR | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,571 /yr | - | -$0 |
Jonesboro | AR | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,441 /yr | - | -$0 |
Pasadena | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $8,509 /yr | - | -$0 |
San Luis Obispo | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,832 /yr | - | -$0 |
Pomona | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $9,404 /yr | - | -$0 |
Fresno | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $5,418 /yr | - | -$0 |
Fullerton | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $5,115 /yr | - | -$0 |
Hayward | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $6,858 /yr | - | -$0 |
Long Beach | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $9,426 /yr | - | -$0 |
Los Angeles | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $2,385 /yr | - | -$0 |
Northridge | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $6,346 /yr | - | -$0 |
Sacramento | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,186 /yr | - | -$0 |
Berkeley | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,538 /yr | - | -$0 |
Davis | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,318 /yr | - | -$0 |
Irvine | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,866 /yr | - | -$0 |
Riverside | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $12,672 /yr | - | -$0 |
Santa Barbara | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,807 /yr | - | -$0 |
Santa Cruz | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,549 /yr | - | -$0 |
San Diego | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,243 /yr | - | -$0 |
San Francisco | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $9,803 /yr | - | -$0 |
San Francisco | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $30,496 /yr | - | -$0 |
Denver | CO | - Nat: $82,937 | $10,217 /yr | - | -$0 |
Boulder | CO | - Nat: $82,937 | $23,708 /yr | - | -$0 |
Golden | CO | - Nat: $82,937 | $32,901 /yr | - | -$0 |
Fort Collins | CO | - Nat: $82,937 | $22,247 /yr | - | -$0 |
Denver | CO | - Nat: $82,937 | $31,961 /yr | - | -$0 |
Greeley | CO | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,711 /yr | - | -$0 |
Pueblo | CO | - Nat: $82,937 | $8,851 /yr | - | -$0 |
Storrs | CT | - Nat: $82,937 | $24,342 /yr | - | -$0 |
Fairfield | CT | - Nat: $82,937 | $45,827 /yr | - | -$0 |
West Hartford | CT | - Nat: $82,937 | $28,249 /yr | - | -$0 |
New Haven | CT | - Nat: $82,937 | $21,029 /yr | - | -$0 |
Middletown | CT | - Nat: $82,937 | $23,014 /yr | - | -$0 |
Newark | DE | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,337 /yr | - | -$0 |
Washington | DC | - Nat: $82,937 | $41,302 /yr | - | -$0 |
Washington | DC | - Nat: $82,937 | $35,760 /yr | - | -$0 |
Washington | DC | - Nat: $82,937 | $33,661 /yr | - | -$0 |
Orlando | FL | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,516 /yr | - | -$0 |
Tallahassee | FL | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,220 /yr | - | -$0 |
Boca Raton | FL | - Nat: $82,937 | $10,394 /yr | - | -$0 |
Melbourne | FL | - Nat: $82,937 | $36,511 /yr | - | -$0 |
Miami | FL | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,462 /yr | - | -$0 |
Gainesville | FL | - Nat: $82,937 | $5,969 /yr | - | -$0 |
Tampa | FL | - Nat: $82,937 | $8,648 /yr | - | -$0 |
Atlanta | GA | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,754 /yr | - | -$0 |
Atlanta | GA | - Nat: $82,937 | $12,028 /yr | - | -$0 |
Athens | GA | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,636 /yr | - | -$0 |
Honolulu | HI | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,122 /yr | - | -$0 |
Boise | ID | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,423 /yr | - | -$0 |
Pocatello | ID | - Nat: $82,937 | $8,910 /yr | - | -$0 |
Peoria | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $22,469 /yr | - | -$0 |
Chicago | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,776 /yr | - | -$0 |
Chicago | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $27,108 /yr | - | -$0 |
University Park | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,833 /yr | - | -$0 |
Champaign | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,042 /yr | - | -$0 |
Normal | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,829 /yr | - | -$0 |
Romeoville | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,318 /yr | - | -$0 |
Chicago | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $36,340 /yr | - | -$0 |
Dekalb | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,505 /yr | - | -$0 |
Evanston | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $34,420 /yr | - | -$0 |
Chicago | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $9,377 /yr | - | -$0 |
Carbondale | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $12,554 /yr | - | -$0 |
Edwardsville | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,111 /yr | - | -$0 |
Macomb | IL | - Nat: $82,937 | $10,018 /yr | - | -$0 |
Muncie | IN | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,877 /yr | - | -$0 |
Bloomington | IN | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,003 /yr | - | -$0 |
Notre Dame | IN | - Nat: $82,937 | $25,339 /yr | - | -$0 |
Ames | IA | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,517 /yr | - | -$0 |
Iowa City | IA | - Nat: $82,937 | $22,508 /yr | - | -$0 |
Lawrence | KS | - Nat: $82,937 | $20,004 /yr | - | -$0 |
Manhattan | KS | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,210 /yr | - | -$0 |
Pittsburg | KS | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,291 /yr | - | -$0 |
Wichita | KS | - Nat: $82,937 | $10,307 /yr | - | -$0 |
Richmond | KY | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,925 /yr | - | -$0 |
Lexington | KY | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,868 /yr | $41,000 | -$0 |
Louisville | KY | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,960 /yr | - | -$0 |
Murray | KY | - Nat: $82,937 | $7,350 /yr | - | -$0 |
Bowling Green | KY | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,789 /yr | - | -$0 |
Baton Rouge | LA | - Nat: $82,937 | $19,286 /yr | - | -$0 |
New Orleans | LA | - Nat: $82,937 | $7,761 /yr | - | -$0 |
Orono | ME | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,224 /yr | - | -$0 |
Baltimore | MD | - Nat: $82,937 | $25,203 /yr | - | -$0 |
Chestnut Hill | MA | - Nat: $82,937 | $38,930 /yr | - | -$0 |
Waltham | MA | - Nat: $82,937 | $30,606 /yr | - | -$0 |
Lowell | MA | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,362 /yr | - | -$0 |
Amherst | MA | - Nat: $82,937 | $22,857 /yr | - | -$0 |
Boston | MA | - Nat: $82,937 | $22,548 /yr | - | -$0 |
North Dartmouth | MA | - Nat: $82,937 | $20,319 /yr | - | -$0 |
Medford | MA | - Nat: $82,937 | $38,797 /yr | - | -$0 |
Mount Pleasant | MI | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,201 /yr | - | -$0 |
Ypsilanti | MI | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,628 /yr | - | -$0 |
East Lansing | MI | - Nat: $82,937 | $21,322 /yr | - | -$0 |
Houghton | MI | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,446 /yr | - | -$0 |
Rochester Hills | MI | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,815 /yr | - | -$0 |
Detroit | MI | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,212 /yr | - | -$0 |
Kalamazoo | MI | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,902 /yr | - | -$0 |
Duluth | MN | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,395 /yr | - | -$0 |
Jackson | MS | - Nat: $82,937 | $34,119 /yr | - | -$0 |
University | MS | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,752 /yr | - | -$0 |
Mississippi State | MS | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,781 /yr | - | -$0 |
Saint Joseph | MO | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,379 /yr | - | -$0 |
Columbia | MO | - Nat: $82,937 | $21,142 /yr | - | -$0 |
Kansas City | MO | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,778 /yr | - | -$0 |
Rolla | MO | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,772 /yr | - | -$0 |
Saint Louis | MO | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,990 /yr | - | -$0 |
Saint Louis | MO | - Nat: $82,937 | $29,674 /yr | - | -$0 |
Springfield | MO | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,270 /yr | - | -$0 |
Bozeman | MT | - Nat: $82,937 | $23,106 /yr | - | -$0 |
Missoula | MT | - Nat: $82,937 | $21,302 /yr | - | -$0 |
Lincoln | NE | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,214 /yr | - | -$0 |
Las Vegas | NV | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,062 /yr | - | -$0 |
Reno | NV | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,797 /yr | - | -$0 |
Hanover | NH | - Nat: $82,937 | $26,707 /yr | - | -$0 |
Durham | NH | - Nat: $82,937 | $26,150 /yr | - | -$0 |
Teaneck | NJ | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,923 /yr | - | -$0 |
Madison | NJ | - Nat: $82,937 | $24,803 /yr | - | -$0 |
Montclair | NJ | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,193 /yr | - | -$0 |
Newark | NJ | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,783 /yr | - | -$0 |
South Orange | NJ | - Nat: $82,937 | $31,552 /yr | - | -$0 |
Hoboken | NJ | - Nat: $82,937 | $37,396 /yr | - | -$0 |
Portales | NM | - Nat: $82,937 | $5,238 /yr | - | -$0 |
Las Vegas | NM | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,315 /yr | - | -$0 |
Socorro | NM | - Nat: $82,937 | $20,862 /yr | - | -$0 |
Las Cruces | NM | - Nat: $82,937 | $6,313 /yr | - | -$0 |
New York | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,370 /yr | - | -$0 |
Ithaca | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $33,934 /yr | - | -$0 |
New York | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $1,557 /yr | - | -$0 |
Troy | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $32,758 /yr | - | -$0 |
Rochester | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $37,232 /yr | - | -$0 |
Rochester | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $34,347 /yr | - | -$0 |
Albany | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,266 /yr | - | -$0 |
Vestal | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $20,907 /yr | - | -$0 |
Buffalo | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $21,775 /yr | - | -$0 |
Stony Brook | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,902 /yr | - | -$0 |
Oswego | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,300 /yr | - | -$0 |
Syracuse | NY | - Nat: $82,937 | $43,336 /yr | - | -$0 |
Greenville | NC | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,880 /yr | - | -$0 |
Greensboro | NC | - Nat: $82,937 | $9,884 /yr | - | -$0 |
Chapel Hill | NC | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,305 /yr | - | -$0 |
Charlotte | NC | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,142 /yr | - | -$0 |
Greensboro | NC | - Nat: $82,937 | $12,291 /yr | - | -$0 |
Raleigh | NC | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,486 /yr | - | -$0 |
Winston-Salem | NC | - Nat: $82,937 | $28,165 /yr | - | -$0 |
Grand Forks | ND | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,131 /yr | - | -$0 |
Fargo | ND | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,636 /yr | - | -$0 |
Akron | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,072 /yr | - | -$0 |
Cleveland | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $44,622 /yr | - | -$0 |
Cincinnati | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $24,917 /yr | - | -$0 |
Cleveland | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,754 /yr | - | -$0 |
Dayton | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $30,366 /yr | - | -$0 |
Kent | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $20,294 /yr | - | -$0 |
Oxford | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $29,447 /yr | - | -$0 |
Columbus | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,269 /yr | - | -$0 |
Athens | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $20,666 /yr | $20,500 | -$0 |
Toledo | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,406 /yr | - | -$0 |
Dayton | OH | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,715 /yr | - | -$0 |
Stillwater | OK | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,058 /yr | - | -$0 |
Norman | OK | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,531 /yr | - | -$0 |
Tulsa | OK | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,511 /yr | - | -$0 |
Portland | OR | - Nat: $82,937 | $8,337 /yr | - | -$0 |
Bryn Mawr | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $44,593 /yr | - | -$0 |
Lewisburg | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $50,021 /yr | - | -$0 |
Pittsburgh | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $35,780 /yr | - | -$0 |
Philadelphia | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $37,529 /yr | - | -$0 |
Pittsburgh | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $37,704 /yr | - | -$0 |
Indiana | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,391 /yr | - | -$0 |
Bethlehem | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $25,272 /yr | - | -$0 |
University Park | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $33,675 /yr | - | -$0 |
Philadelphia | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $29,577 /yr | - | -$0 |
Pittsburgh | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $29,362 /yr | - | -$0 |
Scranton | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $32,132 /yr | - | -$0 |
Philadelphia | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $23,058 /yr | - | -$0 |
Philadelphia | PA | - Nat: $82,937 | $25,555 /yr | - | -$0 |
Providence | RI | - Nat: $82,937 | $26,976 /yr | - | -$0 |
Kingston | RI | - Nat: $82,937 | $22,469 /yr | - | -$0 |
Clemson | SC | - Nat: $82,937 | $22,032 /yr | - | -$0 |
Columbia | SC | - Nat: $82,937 | $22,197 /yr | - | -$0 |
Brookings | SD | - Nat: $82,937 | $20,139 /yr | - | -$0 |
Vermillion | SD | - Nat: $82,937 | $20,028 /yr | - | -$0 |
Memphis | TN | - Nat: $82,937 | $12,192 /yr | - | -$0 |
Murfreesboro | TN | - Nat: $82,937 | $12,562 /yr | - | -$0 |
Knoxville | TN | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,314 /yr | - | -$0 |
Nashville | TN | - Nat: $82,937 | $12,154 /yr | - | -$0 |
Cookeville | TN | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,830 /yr | - | -$0 |
Nashville | TN | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,497 /yr | - | -$0 |
Waco | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $44,441 /yr | - | -$0 |
Corpus Christi | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,843 /yr | - | -$0 |
Commerce | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,974 /yr | - | -$0 |
Houston | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,852 /yr | - | -$0 |
Houston | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,439 /yr | - | -$0 |
Beaumont | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $7,984 /yr | - | -$0 |
Denton | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,358 /yr | - | -$0 |
Edinburg | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $4,858 /yr | - | -$0 |
Prairie View | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,638 /yr | - | -$0 |
Houston | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,164 /yr | - | -$0 |
Huntsville | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,788 /yr | - | -$0 |
San Marcos | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,660 /yr | - | -$0 |
Kingsville | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,212 /yr | - | -$0 |
College Station | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $21,527 /yr | - | -$0 |
Arlington | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $17,040 /yr | - | -$0 |
Richardson | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,271 /yr | - | -$0 |
San Antonio | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $9,872 /yr | - | -$0 |
Houston | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,494 /yr | - | -$0 |
Denton | TX | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,060 /yr | - | -$0 |
Salt Lake City | UT | - Nat: $82,937 | $27,314 /yr | - | -$0 |
Burlington | VT | - Nat: $82,937 | $20,277 /yr | - | -$0 |
Williamsburg | VA | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,880 /yr | - | -$0 |
Fairfax | VA | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,697 /yr | - | -$0 |
Norfolk | VA | - Nat: $82,937 | $12,913 /yr | - | -$0 |
Blacksburg | VA | - Nat: $82,937 | $25,808 /yr | - | -$0 |
Richmond | VA | - Nat: $82,937 | $25,037 /yr | - | -$0 |
Charlottesville | VA | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,056 /yr | - | -$0 |
Ellensburg | WA | - Nat: $82,937 | $21,201 /yr | - | -$0 |
Pullman | WA | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,462 /yr | - | -$0 |
Bellingham | WA | - Nat: $82,937 | $19,963 /yr | - | -$0 |
Huntington | WV | - Nat: $82,937 | $7,341 /yr | - | -$0 |
Morgantown | WV | - Nat: $82,937 | $18,020 /yr | - | -$0 |
Milwaukee | WI | - Nat: $82,937 | $30,561 /yr | - | -$0 |
Madison | WI | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,600 /yr | - | -$0 |
Milwaukee | WI | - Nat: $82,937 | $15,625 /yr | - | -$0 |
Ponce | PR | - Nat: $82,937 | $10,578 /yr | - | -$0 |
Mayaguez | PR | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,997 /yr | - | -$0 |
Stanford | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $12,307 /yr | - | -$0 |
West Lafayette | IN | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,851 /yr | - | -$0 |
Waterbury | CT | - Nat: $82,937 | $8,616 /yr | - | -$0 |
Groton | CT | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,184 /yr | - | -$0 |
Stamford | CT | - Nat: $82,937 | $14,226 /yr | - | -$0 |
Merced | CA | - Nat: $82,937 | $11,583 /yr | - | -$0 |
Hartford | CT | - Nat: $82,937 | $13,961 /yr | - | -$0 |
Kennesaw | GA | - Nat: $82,937 | $16,325 /yr | - | -$0 |
Cullowhee | NC | $73,698 Nat: $82,937 5yr Post-Grad | $13,025 /yr | - | -$26k |
Camden Earnings shared by 3 Rutgers University campuses, which report as one program. | NJ | $65,524 Nat: $82,937 5yr Post-Grad | $15,732 /yr | - | -$103k |
Newark Earnings shared by 3 Rutgers University campuses, which report as one program. | NJ | $65,524 Nat: $82,937 5yr Post-Grad | $16,013 /yr | - | -$103k |
New Brunswick Earnings shared by 3 Rutgers University campuses, which report as one program. | NJ | $65,524 Nat: $82,937 5yr Post-Grad | $24,897 /yr | - | -$120k |
Bowling Green | OH | $59,919 Nat: $82,937 4yr Post-Grad | $21,453 /yr | - | -$153k |
La Jolla | CA | $50,105 Nat: $82,937 2yr Post-Grad | $14,794 /yr | - | -$215k |
Lake Charles | LA | $44,384 Nat: $82,937 2yr Post-Grad | $11,228 /yr | - | -$266k |
Analysis Notes:
- Lifetime Value Added: Net Present Value (NPV) of estimated career earnings relative to a median bachelor's degree holder, accounting for this institution's average cost and taxes.
- Avg Net Price: The average price paid by students who receive federal financial aid (grants/loans).Note: For graduate programs, the institution's average undergraduate net price is used as a proxy for annual cost, which may differ from actual graduate tuition and net price.