California ROI Summary
Aggregated analysis of return on investment across 600 institutions in California.
California - State Aggregate
Institution Statistics
Financial ROI
| Level | Institutions | NPV (Zero Cost) Pos / Neg | NPV (Med Cost) Pos / Neg | NPV (Full Cost) Pos / Neg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Certificate→ | 265 | 28% n=236 | 22% n=236 | 20% n=236 |
| Associate→ | 120 | 71% n=112 | 62% n=112 | 56% n=112 |
| Bachelor→ | 137 | 78% n=111 | 64% n=111 | 34% n=111 |
| Master's→ | 32 | n=0 | n=0 | n=0 |
| Doctoral→ | 13 | n=0 | n=0 | n=0 |
| Total | 567 | 51% n=459 | 42% n=459 | 32% n=459 |
Student Outcomes
| Level | Institutions | Grad Earnings >HS / ≤HS | Social ROI Pos / Neg | Pell ROI Pos / Neg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Certificate→ | 265 | 60% n=213 | 24% n=236 | 19% n=236 |
| Associate→ | 120 | 93% n=118 | 65% n=112 | 51% n=112 |
| Bachelor→ | 137 | 96% n=124 | 64% n=111 | 17% n=111 |
| Master's→ | 32 | 100% n=3 | n=0 | n=0 |
| Doctoral→ | 13 | 100% n=2 | n=0 | n=0 |
| Total | 567 | 79% n=460 | 44% n=459 | 26% n=459 |
Student Statistics
Financial ROI
| Level | Students | NPV (Zero Cost) Pos / Neg | NPV (Med Cost) Pos / Neg | NPV (Full Cost) Pos / Neg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Certificate→ | 357,172 | 74% n=334,528 | 67% n=334,528 | 59% n=334,528 |
| Associate→ | 931,008 | 79% n=904,895 | 75% n=904,895 | 64% n=904,895 |
| Bachelor→ | 1,116,000 | 97% n=1,076,533 | 90% n=1,076,533 | 57% n=1,076,533 |
| Master's→ | 17,138 | n=0 | n=0 | n=0 |
| Doctoral→ | 12,458 | n=0 | n=0 | n=0 |
| Total | 2,433,776 | 87% n=2,315,956 | 81% n=2,315,956 | 60% n=2,315,956 |
Student Outcomes
| Level | Students | Grad Earnings >HS / ≤HS | Social ROI Pos / Neg | Pell ROI Pos / Neg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Certificate→ | 357,172 | 90% n=347,842 | 68% n=334,528 | 58% n=334,528 |
| Associate→ | 931,008 | 93% n=918,244 | 76% n=904,895 | 58% n=904,895 |
| Bachelor→ | 1,116,000 | 99% n=1,102,557 | 91% n=1,076,533 | 24% n=1,076,533 |
| Master's→ | 17,138 | 100% n=1,693 | n=0 | n=0 |
| Doctoral→ | 12,458 | 100% n=1,417 | n=0 | n=0 |
| Total | 2,433,776 | 96% n=2,371,753 | 82% n=2,315,956 | 42% n=2,315,956 |
Visualization Key
The Donut Chart shows the visual breakdown of positive vs negative results.
Green = Positive %
Red = Negative %
Credential Classification & Durations
Institutions are grouped into rows by their predominant degree level. However, the ROI calculations for each school reflect its actual highest degree awarded. If a predominantly Certificate-awarding school offers Associate degrees, or a predominantly Associate-awarding school offers Bachelor's degrees, the metrics correctly reflect those longer program durations.